黃俊祺課題組在《The Journal of Cell Biology》上發表細胞分裂研究的原創性成果
2018-01
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胞質分裂(Cytokinesis)是細胞分裂的最後一步,指母細胞的細胞質等在嚴格調控下被分配到兩個子細胞的過程。人和哺乳動物絕大多數細胞的胞質分裂由胞質分裂環(也稱細胞分裂環,Cell Division Ring / Actomyosin Ring)介導。胞質分裂環的收縮“切割”一個細胞成兩個細胞。異常的胞質分裂能導緻多倍體或非整倍體的産生,并可以促進腫瘤的發生。
我院黃俊祺副研究員一直緻力于細胞分裂相關機理的研究。長期以來,學界知悉在胞質分裂環收縮期間,其主要成分之一的肌動蛋白(Actin)存在周轉(Turnover)現象。然而因缺乏合适的研究切入角度和方法,其周轉的具體原因、功能及作用的分子機理未能被很好地揭示。
為了回答這一問題,黃俊祺副研究員與多國研究人員合力攻關,利用激光共聚焦顯微鏡延時拍攝、體外半分離胞質分裂環技術、量化生物學分析(Quantitative Biological Analysis)及體外誘導福爾馬林固定過的半分離胞質分裂環的收縮(如圖),發現肌動蛋白周轉主要是為了穩定胞質分裂環中絲狀肌動蛋白(Filamentous Actin)的長度及維持胞質分裂環的整體收縮效率。
此項研究成果發表在細胞生物學領域的著名雜志The Journal of Cell Biology上(Actin turnover maintains actin filament homeostasis during cytokinetic ring contraction. 2017. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201701104)。在獲得國際同行廣泛關注的同時,因其原創性的發現,該研究剛被The Journal of Cell Biology雜志選為近期細胞分裂領域的傑出工作之一,将在2018年01月刊登。
黃俊祺副研究員是該論文的共同第一作者及共同通訊作者。論文的署名單位有:太阳集团app首页Jinan University、英國華威大學 University of Warwick、英國弗朗西斯·克裡克研究所Francis Crick Institute、英國倫敦大學國王學院 King’s College London和美國明尼蘇達大學 University of Minnesota。
上圖:福爾馬林固定後的細胞分裂環的收縮
下圖:肌動蛋白穩态對細胞分裂環收縮效率影響的機制模式圖
文章鍊接:http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/06/28/jcb.201701104
原文摘要:
Cytokinesis in many eukaryotes involves a tension-generating actomyosin-based contractile ring. Many components of actomyosin rings turn over during contraction, although the significance of this turnover has remained enigmatic. Here, using Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, we investigate the role of turnover of actin and myosin II in its contraction. Actomyosin ring components self-organize into ∼1-µm-spaced clusters instead of undergoing full-ring contraction in the absence of continuous actin polymerization. This effect is reversed when actin filaments are stabilized. We tested the idea that the function of turnover is to ensure actin filament homeostasis in a synthetic system, in which we abolished turnover by fixing rings in cell ghosts with formaldehyde. We found that these rings contracted fully upon exogenous addition of a vertebrate myosin. We conclude that actin turnover is required to maintain actin filament homeostasis during ring contraction and that the requirement for turnover can be bypassed if homeostasis is achieved artificially.